Mapping of Symptoms

We use DBS, lesion, and coordinate network mapping, alongside stimulation-frequency manipulation and longitudinal kinematic gait assessment, to identify which circuits underlie specific symptoms. We are now expanding this by pairing high-resolution behavioural assessment directly with human brain imaging, with a particular focus on freezing of gait: a single clinical label that likely bundles several dissociable circuit failures, and one where this approach can recover a consistent signature across surgical targets and diseases.